Linux Certification

Samba is a software package that enables Linux clients to connect to the network resources (such as file shares and printers on a network) with the computers that use the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. The Samba software package contains a variety of daemon processes, administrative tools, user tools, and configuration files. Linux saves the Samba configuration in the /etc/samba/smb.conf file. To start the server, you need to run nmbd and smbd with the following arguments, where smb_config_file is the full path of your smb.conf file:

For some programs that benefit from concurrency, the decision whether to use processes or threads can be difficult. Here are some guidelines to help you decide which concurrency model best suits your program:

• · All threads in a program must run the same executable. A child process, on the other hand, may run a different executable by calling an exec function.

• · An errant thread can harm other threads in the same process because threads share the same virtual memory space and other resources. For instance, a wild memory write through an uninitialized pointer in one thread can corrupt memory visible to another thread.

This LPI 117-202 test is designed for those who want to enhance their knowledge in various fields of Linux such as networking configuration, Web services, network client management, etc. Before taking the L117-202 exam, you should practice the following:

1. Manage mail traffic.
2. Implement a Web server.
3. Configure Samba Server.
4. Configure NFS Server.
5. Maintain a Web server.
6. Implement a proxy server.

7. Configure DHCP, NIS, LDAP, and PAM.
8. Configure a router.
9. Secure FTP servers.
10. Perform TCP wrappers checks.
11. Troubleshoot network issues.
12. Identify boot stages.
13. Perform general troubleshooting.
14. Troubleshoot bootloaders, system resources, and environment configurations.examdirectory.com

The locate command searches the names of files and directories, but it can’t search inside those files. To do that, you use grep. grep is a command line text search utility originally written for Unix. The grep command searches files or standard input globally for lines matching a given regular expression, and prints them to the program’s standard output. Essentially, you give grep a pattern for which you want to search, point it at a file or a group of files (or even a whole hard drive) that you want to search, and then grep outputs a list of lines that match your pattern.

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# Wine makes it possible to take advantage of all the Unix strong points (stability, flexibility, remote administration) while still using the Windows applications you depend on.
# Unix has always made it possible to write powerful scripts. Wine makes it possible to call Windows applications from scripts that can also leverage the Unix environment to its full extent.
# Wine makes it possible to access Windows applications remotely, even if they are a few thousand miles away.
# Wine makes it economical to use thin clients: simply install Wine on a Linux server, and voila, you can access these Windows applications from any X terminal.
# Wine can also be used to make existing Windows applications available on the Web by using VNC and its Java client.
# Wine is Open Source Software, so you can extend it to suit your needs or have one of many companies do it for you. http://lpilinux.com

Linux File Transfer Options

Aspects to consider when choosing a file transfer method for a Linux server include:

Security – Most servers require some level of confidentiality when transferring files, along with a mechanism for authentication of both the user account and the machine to which the connection is being established.

Data Compression – Frequent large file transfers may require compression to save bandwidth, especially if those transfers are performed over a WAN (Wide Area Network) where the cost of bandwidth is at a premium.

A truly secure network makes sure that the Principle of Least Privilege is applied across the enterprise, not just to the servers. The roles taken on by servers and desktops also mandate how the operating system, and the computer itself, should be secured. The desktop may be an attractive target for a script kiddie whose attacks are often thwarted by updated software and malware scanners, but a data center hosting user accounts or credit-card information is a much more attractive target for the skilled attacker who can exploit weaknesses without detection in an environment that hasn’t been hardened..software.ibm.com

“Nagios is a monitoring software designed to let you know about problems on your hosts and networks quickly. You can configure it to be used on any

lpilinux.com

network. Setting up a Nagios server on any Linux distribution is a very quick process however to make it a secure setup it takes some work. This article will not show you how to install Nagios since there are tons of them out there but it will show you in detail ways to improve your Nagios security.

lpilinux

Many times, you get the following error message when you perform any bulk operation in PHP.

PHP Fatal error: Allowed Memory Size of 20971520 Bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 131072 bytes) in /usr/share/mediawiki/includes/OutputHandler.php on line 30

How can you fix this problem?

Ubuntu / Debian PHP5 comes with 16MB php memory limit. Edit /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini and /etc/php5/cli/php.ini files, run:
sudo vi /etc/php5/cgi/php.ini
sudo vi /etc/php5/cli/php.ini

Set maximum amount of memory (e.g., 128M) a script may consume:

memory_limit = 128M

Save and close the file. However, real enforcer is suhosin security patch applied to PHP5. Edit /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini, run:
sudo vi /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini
Set allowed memory size (128M):