Linux Certification

OpenOffice.org inherited many features from the original StarOffice upon which it was based including the OpenOffice.org XML file format which it retained until version 2, when it was replaced by the ISO/IEC standard OpenDocument Format (ODF).

Sun subsidizes the development of OpenOffice.org in order to use it as a base for its commercial proprietary StarOffice application software. Releases of StarOffice since version 6.0 have been based on the OpenOffice.org source code, with some additional proprietary components, including the following:

Open Document Format (ODF) standards, as promulgated by the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), set international compatibility criteria for the electronic/digital storage of documents.

These standards recognize the importance of interoperability and intelligent information exchange and seek, for example, to ensure that office documents created today on any given computer system will be readable by other computer systems everywhere, including the technology of tomorrow.

OpenOffice.org 3.2 has made further strides in compliance with ODF 1.2, including closer conformance to OASIS ODFF/OpenFormula specifications.

The GIMP is the GNU Image Manipulation Program. It is used to edit and manipulate images. It can load and save a variety of image formats and can be used to convert between formats.

Gimp can also be used as a paint program. It features a set of drawing and painting tools such as airbrush, clone, pencil, and paint brush. Painting and drawing tools can be applied to an image with a variety of paint modes. It also offers an extensive array of selection tools like rectangle, ellipse, fuzzy select, bezier select, intelligent scissors, and select by color.

GIMP (the GNU Image Manipulation Program) is a free software raster graphics editor. It is primarily employed as an image retouching and editing tool. In addition to offering freeform drawing, GIMP can accomplish essential image workflow steps such as resizing, editing, and cropping photos, combining multiple images, and converting between different image formats. GIMP can also be used to create basic animated images in the GIF format. At present GIMP is entirely suitable for amateur or professional work with images intended for viewing on monitors and printing on inkjet printers; GIMP does not yet offer the CMYK separation and color management functionality which is essential for prepress work.

Users who are considering making a change from Windows to Linux or Linux to Windows commonly want to know the advantages and disadvantages of each of the operating systems. Below is a chart to help illustrate the major advantages and disadvantages of each of these operating systems.

1. What is TFTP?

TFTP, or Trival File Transfer Protocol (”RFC 1350″), is a simple protocol used for sending and receiving files over a network without requiring an account or password on the remote system. TFTP operates on port 69 using UDP. If you want to know more in-depth information regarding TFTP and how it works you visit the following link:

“Trivial File Transfer Protocol” (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFTP)

Note: Due to the lack of authentication, the TFTP server on DragonFlyBSD allows only publicly readable files to be read and written.
2. Setting up a TFTP Server

While the inetd concept as a service dispatcher is not inherently insecure, the long list of services that inetd traditionally provided gave computer security experts pause. The possibility of a service having an exploitable flaw, or the service just being abused, had to be considered. Unnecessary services were disabled and “off by default” became the mantra. It is not uncommon to find an /etc/inetd.conf with almost all the services commented out in a modern Unix distribution.

Often called a super-server, inetd listens on designated ports used by internet services such as FTP, POP3, and telnet. When a TCP packet or UDP packet arrives with a particular destination port number, inetd launches the appropriate server program to handle the connection. For services that are not expected to run with high loads, this method uses memory more efficiently, since the specific servers run only when needed. Furthermore, no network code is required in the application-specific daemons, as inetd hooks the sockets directly to stdin, stdout and stderr of the spawned process. For protocols that have frequent traffic, such as HTTP and POP3, a dedicated server that intercepts the traffic directly may be preferable.

The file /etc/services is used to map port numbers and protocols to service names, and the file /etc/inetd.conf is used to map service names to server names. For example, if a TCP request comes in on port 23, /etc/services shows

telnet 23/tcp

The corresponding line in the /etc/inetd.conf file (in this case, taken from a machine running AIX version 5.1) is

telnet stream tcp6 nowait root /usr/sbin/telnetd telnetd -a

This tells inetd to launch the program /usr/sbin/telnetd with the command line arguments telnetd -a. inetd automatically hooks the socket to stdin, stdout, and stderr of the server program.

syslog-ng has a much larger scope than merely transporting syslog messages and storing them to plain text log files:

* the ability to format log messages using UNIX shell-like variable expansion;
* the use of this shell-like variable expansion when naming files, thus covering thousands of destination files with a single statement;
* the ability to send log messages to local applications;
* logging directly into a database (since syslog-ng OSE 2.1);
* rewrite portions of the syslog message with set and substitute primitives (since syslog-ng OSE 3.0);
* classify incoming log messages and at the same time extract structured information from the unstructured syslog message (since syslog-ng OSE 3.0);
* generic name-value support: each message is just a set of name-value pairs, which can be used to store extra information (since syslog-ng OSE 3.0);
* the ability to process structured message formats transmitted over syslog, like extract columns from CSV formatted lines (since syslog-ng OSE 3.0);